Study Guide-Jamine

Assignment 4-6

After completing your Understanding How Ashoka's Edicts Helped Unify India sheet answer the following comprehension questions:

1. What are the main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts?

2. What are some of the ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India?

3. In what ways did Ashoka's Buddhist beliefs contribute to the unification of India?

4. In addition to the edicts, what else might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period?

5. Explain how one of the edicts you examined could be catagorized another way

(i.e. instead of Buddhist Values it could also concern Justice)

Answers:

The main ideas expressed in Ashoka's edicts were that people should trust other people and treat poor people with respect. Also, to follow the other Buddhist values.
Some ways in which Ashoka's leadership promoted unity in India is to follow the Buddhist's words, follow your karma and not to commit crime.
The Buddhist beliefs contributed to the unification of India is to treat other people nicely, help the poor and be nice to each other so the people could reunite.
Another thing that might have contributed to the unification of India during this time period is that to feel you have someone to rely on and that no one is going to betray you. Also, to trust the leader and what he/she does.
For the edict talking about how the foreigners should feel like they trust their leader and that they will stick to each other. I categorized it as security, but I could've categorized it as Buddhist values because being nice to other people is following your karma which is one of the Buddhist values.

Ramayana Poem

Jamine-Poem-Ramayana.pdf

Assignment 4-4
Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.
1. What varna were you in during the caste system simulation?
2. What was your favorite part about the caste system simulation? Why?
3. What part of the simulation made you angry, upset, or frustrated? Why?
4. Do you think this system is fair? Why or why not?
5. Do you think a society should organize people into social classes? Why or Why not?

Answers:

I was a Sudra during the caste system.
My favorite part was when Tonny sang a song for the Brahmans because he sang a really silly song which made everyone laugh.
The part that made me angry was when some people threw stuff on the ground on purpose and made us pick it up so they can just laugh about someone being their servant. Or, some people made us kneel to the ground and start bowing, like we are worshiping them but I found that very rude because they are no god and I don't need to worship them.
I think this system is unfair because when you are in one of the lowest classes there is in the society, you don't feel like a very cheerful person in life. It's kind of stressful to obey all the commands the higher classes order you to do.
I don't think a society should be organized like this because I have had experience in being one of the lowest classes there is and I didn't like it that much. I think this way because I don't want to boss people around and I don't want to be bossed either. I think a person should have as much freedom as anyone else can.

Assignment 4-1

Source: IndiaSubcontinentMapTrans.jpg

Directions: Look at the map above, read the text below, and answer the following questions on your wiki page:

I n the 1990's, satellite pictures revealed an ancient, dried riverbed located in India's present-day Thar Desert. Geologists have identified this riverbed as the route of the ancient Sarasvati River . The Sarasvati lay east of the Indus River and generally followed the same course, originating in the Himalaya mountains and emptying into the Arabian Sea. Geologists believe that the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E. Over time, the once fertile area around the Sarasvati evolved into the dry, hot desert that exists today.
Early Indian agricultural settlements arose in the Indus-Sarasvati river region at least as far back as 6500 B.C.E. Like many other ancient peoples, the early Indians settled by rivers. They settled primarily on the banks of the Sarasvati River as well as along the banks of the Indus River. These rivers provided the ancient Indians with plenty of water, and the land near the rivers was fertile and excellent for growing crops. The rivers also provided the Indians with a convenient way to travel and trade among themselves and with other civilizations. Archeologists have found artifacts from the Indus-Sarasvati civilization - such as carved seals - in Mesopotamia's Sumer. These discoveries have led scholars to believe that the early Indians traded with Mesopotamia, possibly by traveling in ships down the Indus and Sarasvati rivers to the Arabian Sea and then west to Sumer and other locations.
After the Sarasvati River dried up around 1900 B.C.E., the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga river further east. Archeological evidence shows, however, that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E.

Questions:

1. In what ways is your map similar to the one that you see in the map above?

2. What physiographic features can you identify on this map that are not on your map?

3. Why do you think settlements developed along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers? Explain with clear and complete details.

4. Accurately draw and label the ancient Sarasvati River on your map.

5. Why did ancient Indian people eventually migrate to the Ganga River?

Answers:

There are the Hindu Kush Mountains, Deccan Plateau, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, the Bay of Bengal, the Indus River, the Ganga River, the Brahmaputra River, the Himalaya Mountains, the Indian Ocean, and the Arabian Sea.
The Sarasvati River.
I think it is because there is fertile land around the Indus River and the Sarasvati River. Since the water carries silt, it makes the land around the rivers very rich and fertile. The people that came probably wanted the best land that is closest to them and so, they would find the best land possible nearby.
Did it.
The reason why is that the Sarasvati River dried up in 1900 B.C.E. and the Indus-Sarasvati Indians moved to more habitable areas, such as the fertile banks of the Ganga River further East. Archeological evidence shows that people settled by the Ganga River as far back as 5000 B.C.E..

Assignment 4-2

Website: Indus Valley

Use the website above to answer these questions. Write your answers in complete sentences with clear details on your wiki page.
1. What was discovered during the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro?
2. How is Mohenjo-Daro similar to our cities today?
3. What can we learn from archaeological discoveries (such as artifacts and city construction) in Mohenjo-Daro?
4. Give clear and specific information about how people lived in Mohenjo-Daro. In your answer, you have to talk about the artifacts that you discovered and put into the museum.
5. What do we know about the Priest-King?
6. What was the Great Bath and how was it used?

Answers:

During the excavations of Mohenjo-Daro that they discovered, they had bricks, houses, wells, drains, artifacts, bathrooms, and bathing places.
Mohenjo-Daro is similar to our cities today by the daily life of farmers or peasants that work to pay taxes, feed the family, etc.
We can learn form archaeological discoveries in Mohenjo-Daro is that rich people, or wealthy people, had jewelry made out of gold or silver and other expensive gems. Animals were carved in seals and had Indus writing on them, for a religious matter, I think. Lastly, children played with clay parts and other things similar to that.
People lived in Mohenjo-Daro by people who traded used weights to measure how much the merchandise costed. People that are wealthy put on expensive jewelry, especially women. Animals were a part of seal drawings and also was the Indus writing. Children used wheels or carts that animals were pulling-type of clay.
We know about the Priest-King that they were very important men. They were gold head bands around their head (and a similar one around the left arm), they had their upper lip-part mustache shaved, and their beard was neatly combed, the back of their head was flat, the eyes were deeply cut that some archaeologists think that there were carved shells set into them. Also, they wear a clock decorated with a trefoil or three-leafed designs.
The Great Bath is a bathing pool. It was used as a public pool.

Assignment 4-3
Source:

external image pdf.png

Archeologists Ideas Mohenjo-Daro.pdf
Think about the activity we did in class as archeologists in Mohenjo-Daro. Using the source above, your ideas, and the notes you took about archeologists ideas, answer the following questions clearly and completely on your wiki page. Each answer should be at least two sentences long with specific information.

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
2. Which characteristics of civilization do you see represented in the artifacts you looked at? Explain.
3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?

Answers:

I have learned that the daily life in Mohenjo-Daro is included in the specialization of labor. Also, there were drains and wells, so the water was probably clean. There are many games to play with and some religious places.
I saw the seals and the characteristics of civilization was a highly developed culture including art, music, architecture, literature, science and writing since there are Indus writings on them. It looked like it was very high-class writing and it had a lot of specific details in them.
I think Mohenjo-Daro is like a modern city in ways like: the wheels, plumbing, pools, and weights.
I think that the archaeologists is pretty clueless on the Indus-Sarasvati people's daily life. For example, what they wear, accessorize, what their jobs are and they didn't know how the people looked like. So, there weren't enough facts to actually investigate there.
Maybe other lands of another city coming to invade Mohenjo-Daro to steal their goods.

Step 2 Day 2 in India 4-1 activity

1. What have you learned about daily life in Mohenjo-Daro from this activity?
answer: I have learned that the people in Mohenjo-Daro was very religious and liked to play, as in decorate themselves or play games.
2. Which aspects of daily life do you see represented in the picture that the artist drew?
answer: that people in India liked religious animals and respected them.
3. In what ways do you think Mohenjo-Daro was like a modern city?
answer: I think the pool or the high walls along the houses are like a modern city.
4. Why do you think it is difficult for us to know exactly what life was like in ancient civilizations like those in the Indus-Sarasvati region?
answer: I think maybe that people don't know many things about the statues that were made.
5. What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
answer: that most people were slaves so they can't really have freedom in their lives.

Assignment 3-8

Now that we are finished with the ancient Egypt unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about ancient Egypt. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page. If you need reminders of what we did, just scroll through the assignments on this page or look through your notes.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...

2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...

3. What surprised me the most was...

4. I would like to know more about...

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...

Answers:

about the different things about Egyptian rituals and religions.
how the Egyptians could tell the difference between the kingdoms.
how the Egyptians could praise all those many gods and have time to grow crops, etc.
the Egyptian writing, hieroglyphics. We haven't really learned about them a lot of I would love to learn more about from the information I know from my old school.
Duat, the Underworld of Egypt (the tune of how I said it at the beginning of my video) :)

Assignment 3-5

Read the information here about the three kingdoms in ancient Egypt. The problem with these three paragraphs is that each paragraph does not have specific details or evidence. Your task is to find specific details and evidence from our textbook for the information presented in each paragraph about each kingdom. Then re-write the paragraph adding the new specific details and evidence you found. Write the new paragraph on your wiki page.
Part 1
The Old Kingdom (2700 BCE - 2200 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 98-100 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...

Pyramids (definition, examples, construction details)
Workers
Importance of the pyramids

Part 2
The Middle Kingdom (2100 BCE - 1800 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-102 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...

the difference with the Old Kingdom
what life was like during this time
wars or battles and who was involved

Part 3
The New Kingdom (1500 BCE - 1000 BCE)
Specific details and evidence about this kingdom can be found on pages 101-103 in our textbook.
Your specific details and evidence should give more information about...

the causes of the growth of trade
what life was like in an empire
wars or battles (invasions) and who was involved

Answers:
Part 1

Pharaohs were considered "gods" to the Egyptians. They ruled everything there was to rule. But this isn't why this time period is also called "The Pyramid Age". Pharaohs were buried in only pyramids. A pyramid is a triangle that is 3D. With a point on top and a square on the bottom. An example is the Pyramid of Giza, which is Egypt's biggest and oldest pyramid. Construction details are that first, they put layers, then they pile up more and more and later, they cover it with limestone. The Egyptian people paid the peasants to make the pyramid. The importance of the pyramids are that they symbolized for the pharaoh's after life.
Grade: 2

Part 2

There is a difference in the Middle Kingdom and the Old Kingdom. It is obvious that the civilization developed. So, at that time period, people made fake chambers, dead ends and more. The Egyptians made it so well that even today, it is hard to find where the pharaoh is really hidden. People call this time period "The Golden Age", but it really wasn't. Hyksos invaded Egypt and claimed himself to be the pharaoh of Egypt. Then later, Thebes knocked Hyksos right out of his pedestal. Life was hard for the Egyptians because people kept on invading their country. I mean, what country would like to have wars or battles so many times?
Grade: 2.5

Part 3

The new kingdom was an expansion period for Egypt. Egypt expanded its borders through military conquest and became a world power. During same geographic area called the Valley of the Kings. While Egypt was growing, trade had also grown. The reason for that is because there have been more contacts to distant lands. The new kingdom didn't turn out to be exactly "the new kingdom". At first, life was great, until other people started to invade Egypt. Not once but a lot of times by different people. If I was living in the empire before the invasions, I would have enjoyed that. Living in an empire is great because you get to only live under one supreme. But, if I was living in the empire when there were invasions all over the place, I would definitely not live there because that place is one of the first places the people would invade, because that place has so much power. Just because there is an invasion, doesn't mean that Egypt wasn't prepared. The pharaoh, Rameses II or Rameses the Great fought against the invader called Asia Minor which were invading the Hittites, for 2 years but neither could win the other. Another invasion came from Tehenu, which invaded the Nile Delta but, even they were not tough enough to beat the mighty Rameses II. He built many things to help be more prepared. One century later, Tehenu invaded again, but like last time, "bye bye~!!". Later, after Rameses II died, the invaders called the Sea Peoples invaded Egypt, but little is known about them. They took over land, but after 50 years of fighting, the Egyptians sent them back. Shortly after all this chaos was over, Egypt's high society could never regain its power. In the end, the new kingdom faded away gradually.
Grade: 3.5

Assignment 3-4

Part 1: Go to this site and read about the different Egyptian gods and goddesses . Choose one of these that you would like to be and explain why you would like to be that god or goddess . Then choose one that you would not want to be and explain why. Make sure your explanations are middle school quality explanations .
Part 2: Compare these Egyptian gods and goddesses with the Mesopotamian gods and goddesses . Did you find similar gods? Name the gods/goddesses and clearly explain the similarities? Why do you think they are similar even though Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations were different?

Answers:

The god or goddess I chose was Ra. I would like to be that god because I would like to be the sun god. And, the information on the site says that Ra was the most important god of Egypt, so that is why I chose Ra. I also have a special belief for the Egyptians. The Egyptians believed that Ra was swallowed by the sky goddess, Nut. Then, every morning, he was born again. The Osiris god, because he is the ruler of the Underworld and god of the dead. That seems so scary. When I imagine that type of god, all I can see in my mind, is a dark place, without a place to run away from and the god Osiris welcoming me to the Underworld. Then he has an evil chuckle and fire rises behind him. If I was him, people would be scared of me or think I am a freak. I don't want people to think that all I think about is dead things.

The similar gods, are Apkallu fish, Apkallu griffin, and Apkallu human. They are the same person, but according to the site, they are shown differently. I think it is because Egyptians believe that the Apkallu god changes his identity. Well, I can't really answer the last question because this is the same person but just with different type of animal identity.
The similar animals, Human-headed bulls and Mushhushshu. I think they are similar because they are both animals that have the duty of protecting their gods. I think they are similar even though Egypt and Mesopotamian civilizations are different, almost all the countries need a protector.
The similar people are the Bull of Heaven, and Gula. They are similar because they are both constellation gods. Even though the Bull of Heaven is an animal, they are still similar inside than out. I think they are similar even though Egypt and Mesopotamia had different civilizations, they are similar because the gods have their own choice in their gift, so there may be some similar gods, too.

Assignment 3-3

Source: How to Mummify Nefermaat
Directions: Go to the link above to mummify a body. As you work to mummify the body, answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.

Why did Egyptians want to preserve dead bodies?
How did they preserve bodies? What is this process of preservation called?
Explain how the brain was removed from the dead body. Why was the brain removed?
Name the four internal organs that were removed from the body. What was done with these organs?
What did they do with the heart? Why?
What is natron and why was it used? Using your scribble map of Egypt, name the area where natron came from.
How was linen used during mummification?
What are amulets and how were they used? Give two examples of amulets that were used and explain why they were used.
What happens to the body after it was mummified?

Answers:

Egyptians wanted to preserve dead bodies because since they believe that there is an after life, they need to keep the bodies clean and so they can carry on in the after life.
The order is, the following; 1. take the brain out of the head, 2. take all the organs out and put them in jars with a god's head on, so the organs can be protected. 3. stuff the open place where you took the organs out with natron. 4. you cover the body with natron, 5. you remove the covered natron, 6. you remove the natron inside the body, 7. stuff the dead person with linen, 8. next, you cover the body with resin. 8. you wrap the body with linen, 9. you place the amulets on the body, 10. you wrap the body with linen one last time, 11. place the mummy mask on the head, 12. place the body in the mummy case, 13. and finally, place the mummy in the sarcophagus.
The brain was removed with a stick going through the nose and pulling it out The brain was removed because the Egyptians thought that it was not important.
The four organs are the intestines, lungs, liver, and the stomach. These organs were placed in the jars with a god's mask on top of it to protect the organs. The god's names are Qebehsenuef, Duamutef, Imsety and Hapy.
They left the heart in the body because they believe it is the center of intelligence.
Natron is a type of salt. Natron was used because moisturize the body.
Linen was used to fatten up the body.
An amulet is a small piece of jewelry mostly made for protection. It is used because people believe that if you keep that, you will be safe and have more luck. Two examples of amulets are Udjat, which was used for health and the Heart Amulet which was used for protecting the heart of the body, so it the heart will be safe in the after life.
After the body was mummified, it was placed in a sarcophagus.

Assignment 3-2

Source: Pages 93 & 94 in your online textbook and refer to your river boat tour notes
Directions: Answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.

1. Read the If YOU were there section . How do you feel about working for the pharaoh?
2. Eventually the Third Dynasty began in ancient Egypt. The Third Dynasty was the beginning of what historians call ............. . When did it start and end?
3. Explain how ancient Egyptians felt about their country and their pharaoh.
4. What were the responsibilities of the pharaoh?
5. What is best known about the famous pharaoh, Khufu? Can you name a specific monument built for him?
6.a Clearly explain the structure of society in the Old Kingdom. (Note: This should be a long answer.)
6.b. What may be some advantages and disadvantages of such a large segment of the population being farmers, servants, and slaves?
6.c. What did farmers do during flood season?
7. Clearly explain trading in ancient Egypt (what was traded and who they traded with).
8. Define the word acquire . Use acquire in an original sentence.
9. Using the drawing of Egyptian society on page 94, explain where Viziers would be placed?

Answers:

I would feel happy but still, kind of miserable. Since working for the pharaoh is a honor, but it can be annoying. The pharaoh is like controlling your life.
The Old Kingdom . It started at 2700 B.C to 2200 B.C.
The Egyptians thought that their pharaoh was a god and that he came down from Heaven to help Egypt.
The pharaoh's responsibilities are to keep the Egypt's society together, keep the Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt united.
A specific monument built for Khufu is the Pyramid of Giza.
a. The structure of society in the Old Kingdom was pretty balanced. So was the trading. The Egyptians at this time period, continued to develop on the political system. This time period was a period where the pharaoh was very important. It is also known as the pyramid period because the first pyramid was built here. b. Some advantages are that the country could run well. For example,there will be more farmers for the crops to grow more frequently. Also, to have a bigger population is a great thing. You get to meet new people and share the same religion. Speaking of religion, there will be more people that will work harder to worship the gods. c. During flood season, farmers worked on the pharaoh's projects.
The Egyptians traded gold, copper, ivory, slaves and stones for buildings. They sometimes traded with their neighbors, sometimes with Syria.
Acquire means to get. Egyptians acquired goods from other countries.
Viziers would be placed at the Nobles position place. Since viziers are very important.

My Comic 2(Egypt)

history-paper.mov

Assignment 1

Sources:

Carefully read your online textbook pages 88 and 89. (Note: Make sure you scroll down on page 89 to see more information.)
Use the map above, the maps in the Egypt Resources wiki page, or your Scribble Map search function

Directions:

Your task is to label a map of the Nile River and ancient Egypt on your current Scribble Map. You must mark, label, or represent famous sites, cities, and other objects. Label everything carefully . (Note: Mark means use a marker, label means use a text label, represent means draw a symbol to show the item.)
You must also provide an image and a description for some of the labels. Each description must be at least three sentences long and must be clear, detailed, and specific. Your description should give us clear information to help us understand the item or place and why it was so important for ancient Egyptians.

1. Represent and label the Nile’s Sixth Cataract to the First Cataract.

2. Label the Red Sea.

3. Represent three mines and three quarries. Provide an image and a description for each mine and quarry.

4. Represent and label these historic sites: the Valley of the Kings, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Sphinx, Abu Simbel, the Pharos (lighthouse in the port of Alexandria), the Bahriya Oasis and the Farafra oasis (include palm trees). Provide an image and a description for each historic site.

5. Mark these cities: Abydos, Thebes, Giza, Hermopolis, Memphis, Bubastis, Rosetta, Alexandria, Meroe, Khartoum, and Elephantine

6. Label these geographical features: the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nile Delta (include animals found here), the Sinai Peninsula, the Wadi el-Natrun, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Nubian Desert. Include animals of the desert. Provide an image and a description for each geographical feature.

7. Label Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt.

M y comic

comic-on-wheel_Jamine.mov

Assignment 2-8

Source: Read pages 76 and 77 in your online textbook Directions: Review Pages 76-77 and choose one of the groups below. Research the group you have chosen (two links are provided for each already) and complete The Characteristics of Civilization Chart for the civilization you have chosen. Write clear and detailed answers in the chart, on your wiki page.

Characteristics of Civilization

Civilization Name: Hittites

Six characteristics of a civilization:

A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society.
A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change.
Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs.
Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others.
A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing.
A religious system, which might include priests and temples.

Evidence for the characteristic:

Their empire is big.
The Hittites traded a lot.
The Hittites were there first to start with a job called iron making.
Some people worked at iron making, some priests, etc.
They are very skillful with using chariots and armor. They also improved the system of laws they had.
Hittites adopted other people's gods so they could also be joined in the religious system.

Explanation:

Since the land was so big, there needed to be a responsible, caring leader.
The Hittites traded almost all the time the same goods.
Since the Hittites invented iron, the most common job was iron making.
There were different social levels, for example priests are much more important than slaves that work for a farmer.
They developed quickly with the technology starting to expand.
Hittites got other people's gods to make their own religion.

Was it difficult to find evidence for the culture you picked? Why or why not?
It was pretty difficult to find the information. The first reason why is because you have to find the exact information to fit the characteristics perfectly. The second reason why is because it was hard to explain what the information said. And lastly, it was difficult to find the information because you had to make them into your own words which was hard to do because it was hard to explain.

Assyrians

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/assyrians.htm

http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/egypt/a/assyriaintro.htm

Hittites

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/HITTITES.HTM

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/hittites.htm

Chaldeans

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/middle_east/nebuchadnezzar.html

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CHALDEAN.HTM

Assignment 2-7

Source: Read pages 74 and 75 in your online textbook
Directions: Read the questions/directions carefully and write clear and detailed answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the "If you were there..." section on page 74. How will you advise the King?
2. What happened to Ur by 2000 BCE?
3. Where was Babylon located?
4. Who became the king of Babylon? When did he become king?
5. What is a monarch?
6. After conquering all of Mesopotamia, what did Hammurabi call his empire?
7. Hammurabi was a great warrior and leader. What other skills did he have?
8. What is Hammurabi's Code? What areas of daily life did the code cover?
9. Give two reasons why Hammurabi's Code was important.
10. What eventually happened to the Babylonian Empire? How is this similar to what happened to the Akkadian Empire?
11. Read the different laws in the Code of Hammurabi on this site and choose three that you think are interesting. Copy the three laws and their numbers onto your page. Then for each law, explain why you think it's interesting. You can write about if you disagree or agree with the law or if you think the law is a good law or a cruel law.

Answers:

I think that the nobles should be punished differently from people. The reason why is because the people have less responsibilities. For example, someone gets punishment for stealing a precious item, then the person might be punished by living in jail but the noble had responsibilities and is approved from the king.
In 2000 BCE, Ur was ruined by the attackers. Even though Ur was a great city, people constantly attacked the city.
Babylon is located on the Euphrates River and is near what is today Baghdad in Iraq.
Hammurabi was Babylon's king in 1792 BC.
Monarch means the ruler of a kingdom or an empire.
He called it the Babylon Empire.
He also improved Babylon's taxes and ruled a lot of land. Also, he made a code of laws.
Hammurabi's code was a set of 282 laws that helped people with almost every section of their daily life. There were laws to trade, loan, steal, all the way to injury, marriage and murder.
Hammurabi's code was important for how through it was and since it was written down for every one to see, it was very important.
Eventually, after Hammurabi died, the city of wealth faded away. The Akkadian Empire is similar to the Babylon Empire because both cities lost its wealthy power after their first ruler died.

22. If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death. I think this law is a good law because robbery is a very bad thing to do and the people should be afraid of robbing something.

202. If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. I disagree with this law because it is embarrassing to be hit with a whip in public and it is so hierarchal.
25. If fire break out in a house, and some one who comes to put it out cast his eye upon the property of the owner of the house, and take the property of the master of the house, he shall be thrown into that self-same fire.
I disagree with this law because it is so mean and so cruel to do such thing. If the person who was in the fire was throwing the person who cast the fire into the same fire, they are the same person. They are both very mean.

Assignment 2-6

After playing the Trader's Circuit, answer the following questions in complete sentences on your page. You can copy and paste these questions into your page. Then go to the discussion tabs of at least three other classmates and make good quality middle school comments about your classmates answers to the questions about the Trader's Circuit game. You can make comments to your classmates like if you agree or disagree or comments about how good their answers and ideas are.
Trader's Circuit questions
1 . What part of the game did you like the best? Why?
2 . During the game, how did you feel and why did you feel that way?
3 . What part of the game was difficult for you?
4 . In your opinion, what advantage is there to having a monopoly of an entire product/resource such as dates or jewelry?
5 . What part of the game would you change if you played it again? Why?
6 . In this game, was it better to cooperate with another player or to be selfish and try to get all the products/resources for yourself? Why?

Answers:

I liked how we went to different markets and traded because it was like a card game. A bit like "Hawaii" and "Gold Fish." It was like a game where you have to find all of the same cards and you have to ask people if they have the card you want.
During the game, sometimes I felt impatient because there was something I wanted but no one else had it. When someone came asking me for something and I had it, I would only give it to them if they have the card that I want and no one else had the card I was looking for except for my rivals with the same card that they obviously wouldn't trade.
It was difficult to find the right card I was looking for. I felt like I had to have one big microphone and I had to scream asking for who has the card I want.
The advantage on having a whole monopoly was that I could win the game. I could also stop from other people in getting a monopoly before me. Another great advantage is wealth. Also, you can control the price of the product.
I would definitely try to play with other people. I would do this because as time passed, the people in my group started figuring out my strategy of getting a monopoly and I figured out theirs. For example, one person in my group always asks a special person first.
It was better to cooperate with another player because you could help each other out. For example, person 1 wanted dates, I wanted jewelry and person number 1 has it. Person 2 has dates, but I don't. So, I ask person 2 to trade with me and then I give my date to person 1. Then, person 1 would give me the jewelry. Then, I am one step ahead of winning the game.

Assignment 2-5

Use your online textbook pages 63 & 64 to answer these questions clearly and with details on your wiki page. Make sure to look through the whole page in your textbook and the links for the vocabulary when answering some of the questions.

Where did the Akkadians live?
What was their relationship with the Sumerians like before the 2300s B.C.E.?
Who was Sargon and what did he do?
What did Sargon establish?
Define 'empire'.
Explain two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader.
How long did Sargon rule his empire?
What eventually happened to the Akkadian Empire?
Who eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia again?
Using the picture of the City-State of Ur, what can you see in the picture that shows Ur was an advanced city?

Answers:

The Akkadians lived north of Sumer.
Sargon made the Akkadians territory larger and defeated all the cities of Sumer. He then conquered the northern part of Mesopotamia.
Sargon was the king of Akkad and he built the world's first empire after he defeated Sumer and northern Mesopotamia.
Sargon established the world's first empire.
Empire: a group of states that is under a single authority
Two examples why Sargon is considered a great leader is because he was wise enough to build the world's first empire and conquer the northern part of Mesopotamia. The other example would be that he gained the loyalty of his soldiers by eating with them every day.
Sargon ruled his empire for a century.
Akkidan Empire rulers could not keep from invaders coming in. Later, the Sumerian city, Ur rebuilt its strength and conquered the rest of Mesopotamia.
The Sumerians eventually became the most powerful civilization in Mesopotamia.
The picture shows that there is a lot of population in the city because there are a lot of houses. The picture also shows how the houses are shaped. The houses aren't round or rectangular. They are kind of like a puzzle. They were made to fit together. Most of the houses look like uneven houses since they are squiggly. There are also more developed canals, like how it crosses through the city.

Assignment 2-4

Using The Six Characteristics of a Civilization (see below) , answer the following questions clearly and with details on your wiki page.

1. Is Korea/ the U.S. a civilization according to the six characteristics explained in class? Provide one example from Korea/the U.S. for each characteristic.
2. Does a civilization, in your opinion, need to have all of the characteristics mentioned? Why or why not?

The Six Characteristics of a Civilization:
1. A system of government that directs and controls some actions of the members of the society.
2. A regular food supply that is not likely to suddenly change.
3. Specialization of labor, in which members of the society perform different jobs.
4. Different social levels, in which some members of the society are given higher status than others.
5. A highly developed culture including art, architecture, music, literature, science, and writing.
6. A religious system, which might include priests and temples.

Answers:

a. Lee myung bak, the president of Korea makes the decisions of the government.

b. The Korean food, rice in particular and maybe some soup. Like kimchi hot soup or soybean paste hot soup.
c. There are farmers, business workers and other jobs.
d. In business offices, there is the boss and smaller workers, like the servants.
e. Wearing han-bok, drawing nature and Chinese writing.
f. The fragile paper that people use as widows or doors.
2. I think that to be a civilization, it is not necessary to have all of these characteristics. I think this way because a civilization doesn't have to have different social labors. They could all be egalitarian.

Assignment 2-3

Please read pages 56-59 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page .

1. How did the Fertile Crescent get its name?
2. What was the most important factor in making Mesopotamia's farmland fertile?
3. In what ways did a Division of Labor contribute to the growth of Mesopotamiam civilization?
4. How might running large projects like the maintaining a large and complex irrigation system prepare people for running a government?

Answers:

Since the land is fertile and is shaped like a croissant.
The moat important factor is that the Mesopotamian's rivers brought silt.
The Division of Labor contributed the growth of Mesopotamian civilization by the people working the job they are arranged or need to be done.
The people can find more ways and easier to let the water come in and out in a right way. The government would need to know that and control it.

Assignment 2-2

Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the In Class Activity 2-1 called Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System & Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities to help you answer the questions.

Event C: Building and Maintaining a Complex Irrigation System
1. What was the first simple method farmers used to get water to their fields from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
2. How did farmers prevent flooding?
3. Over time, carrying buckets of water to the fields was too difficult. Please clearly explain how levees, canals, dams, and reservoirs were used to make life easier for farmers?
4. Which word means an extra supply of something such as food?
5. What could happen if one canal was clogged?
6. How did different villages take care of the complex irrigation system?

Event D: Attacks by Neighboring Communities
1. How did Mesopotamian villages help each other?
2. How were people, who lived very far apart, connected to each other?
3. What did many villages grow into?
4. What do we call the region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns? What are the people called that come from this region?
5. How could one city stop the water from reaching another city?
6. Why was it easy to attack other cities on the Mesopotamian plains?
7. What defense plan is best to protect a city?

Answers:
Event C

The farmers carried water in buckets to get water.
The villagers built up natural earth walls called levees.
Those things were used to make life easier because it would save a lot of time for people. For example, you would have to keep coming every day to see if the flood damaged the crops. Also those helped people collect water and block it at the same time.
Surplus means an extra supply something such as food.
The people have to clean the silt out.
The villages took care of the complex irrigation system by cooperating with other villagers.

Event D

Mesopotamian villages helped each other by being dependent on each other.
People far apart connected to each other by the irrigation canals that wound through the cities.
Villages grew into cities.
The region in Mesopotamia that had many growing cities and towns is Sumer and the people that are called from this region are Sumerians.
The city would build new canals or block each other cities' canals.
It was easy to attack other cities because city members became very loyal to their own city.
The best defense plan to protect a city is to set traps and build a wall around the city.

Assignment 2-1

Answer the following questions and define the vocabulary (if any) clearly and with details on your wiki page. Use the links above from the Class Activity 2-1 tohelp you answer the questions.

Event A: Food Shortage
1. What helped the human population to grow in Mesopotamia ?
2. What does cultivate mean?
3. By 5000 B.C.E. what major problem did the farmers in the Zagros hills have?
4. Using the choices in the critical thinking section of the activity, what is the best way to deal with the food shortage? Why?

Event B: Uncontrolled Water Supply
1. What two major problems did farmers have as they tried to grow their crops on the Mesopotamian river plains ?
2. How did they solve these problems?
3. Where did the melted snow that caused flooding come from?

Answers:
Event A

The surplus of food helped the population to grow in Mesopotamia.
Cultivate means to grow.
By 5000 B.C.E the major problem the farmers in the Zagros hills have had was that the farmers did not have enough food to feed all the people as the population grew.
I personally thinks the best way is A. Increase the number of times each year that farmers plant their crops. Since the answer is a way that will be regular. For example, stealing from other clans won't work because they might not have any food either or might not give any to you. If you grow your own, then there is no way why you have to rely on others.

Event B

The two major problems the farmers have had was that the soil on the plains were either rock-hard or had too much water. Another is that the strong wind blew a thick layer of dust.
The people solved these problems by having to control the water that came in and out. The people built canals and levees.
The melted snow comes from the mountains and since the very top of the mountain's temperature is low, there is snow. By the time it comes down to the rivers, they are melted snow, in other words, which is more water came so there is a flood.

Assignment 1

Using your notes and page 4 from your online textbook, answer the following questions on your wiki page .

1. Were you born in a BCE year or an CE year?
2. Put the following dates in order: AD 2000, 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 476, AD 3, CE 1215
3. If you read that an event happened c. AD 1000, what would that mean?

Answers:

I was born in a CE year.
The order of these dates are: 3100 BC, 15 BCE, AD 3, AD 4776, CE 1215, AD 2000.
If I read an event that said c. AD 1000, it would mean that I read an event at around or about 1000 AD.

Assignment 2

Just like the questions you were asked in class, please create five questions about the timeline we used in class.

Click here ----->

external image pdf.png

Timeline of Human History.pdf to see a copy of the timeline. Write your questions and the answers on your wiki page.

Questions :

How many millenniums have past since the event of Farming of corn in Peru? (according to the year 2000 CE)
Which date comes first, 500 CE or 1000 CE?
How many centuries have past since the castles were built in Europe? (according to the year 2000 CE)
How many years of difference is there from Paper made in China and Paper Money made from China?
At what time of generation do you think the Burin was invented?

Answers:

4 millenniums have past since the Farming of Peru.
The date that comes first is: 500 CE.
200 centuries have past since the castles were built in Europe.
There are 895 years, in difference.
I think the Burin was invented in the Stone Age.

Assignment 3

Human Origins-The Puppet Play Project Response
Note you will have 3 class periods to prepare your plays. See Resources-1
Answer the following questions on your wiki page.
1. What were your roles in the 'Creation of a Puppet Show' project?
2. What Problems did your group run into?
3. How did your group deal with these problems?
4. Identify two similarities between all of the origin stories.
5. Compare and Contrast any of the two origin stories presented in class (at least one paragraph).

Answers:

I had the role of the narrator. I was the director.
A problem we had run into was that when we said the script, we were too busy looking at it that we didn't put the puppets up at the right time.
How we had worked it out is that we just kind of gave each other signs to remember or saying to get ready. We also had made up when to put the puppets up. For example when I said "Among them, there was the god of wisdom," Kylie put up the god.
A similarity between all of the origin stories is that, one, they all explained how the humans were made, and two, they all had gods in them that were telling the main character something, like an order.
I have chosen the origin story from China and the origin story from Greece.

First, the similarities are that in the beginning, the story both say that it was a beautiful place and that the god or goddess had to do something or had a problem. Later both characters leave their shelter and head out to do what satisfies them. They both had problems but they figured it out by creating humans. The both stories explain how there are rich people and poor or lucky and unlucky people but the Greece story says that the animals are more lucky than the humans. The stories both say they added a gift to the humans. Like how the Greece story says that they give the gift of fire and the Egypt story says that the goddess gave the gift to make ourselves by learning how to marry. The both stories had gifts to give to the humans.

The difference between these two stories are that the Greece story tells that they made a mistake with giving all the gifts to the animals but in the Egypt story, they say that the goddess only makes humans. In the Greece story they didn't say anything about having a problem with making them. In the Egypt story, they say the goddess became tired of making the humans. The Egypt story explains how the humans learned to make themselves but it doesn't say anything about making the humans make themselves in the Greece story. The Greece story doesn't really explain about how they made everything specifically but the Egypt story says that the goddess had made feet because she didn't think it was necessary to give them tails.

Assignment 4

Please read pages 29 & 30 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page .

1. On which continent were Lucy and other hominids found?
2. What is the scientific name of Lucy?
3. How long ago did Lucy live?
4. What was an important step in human development?
5. Describe and explain how these hominids are different from each other. Use the charts about the hominids on page 30 to help you with the answer.
Make sure your answer is clear and detailed.

Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens

6. Which hominid is us now?

Answers:
1. The continent Lucy was found on was in Africa.
2. The scientific name of Lucy is Homo erectus.
3. Lucy lived more than 3 million years ago.
4. An important step in human development was walking on two legs.
5. The difference between these hominids are the size of their brains. They all had different sizes. They all have different names with them. They all used different tools as closer it came to our time. Later on, there is a difference that the people started to migrate from just staying in the country and later on, migrating around the world. To say all of this easily, the are all very different with their own unique fact.

Australopithecus: the name means "southern ape". Appeared in Africa at about 4-5 million years ago. This creature stood upright and walked on two legs. The brain size is about one third of out brains today.
Homo habilis: the name means "handy man". Appeared in Africa about 2.4 million years ago. They used stone tools for chopping and scraping. Their brains are half the size of our brains today.
Homo erectus: the name means "upright man". Appeared in Africa about 2-1.5 million years ago. Used early stone tools like a hand ax. They migrated out of Africa to Europe.
Homo sapiens: the name means "wise man". Appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago. They migrated around the world. They are the same species as the human beings. They learned to create fire and use a variety of tools. Later, the developed language.

6. The hominid that is us now are the Homo sapiens or called the "wise ones".

Assignment 5

Read pages 32-34 from your online textbook and answer these questions clearly and in complete sentences on your wiki page .

Why do historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory ?
What might have been one advantage of walking completely upright?
What kind of tools did people use during the Paleolithic Era ?
Design a stone and wood tool you could use to help you with your chores. Describe your tool in a sentence or two.
What is a hunter-gatherer ?
In your opinion, what was the most important change brought by the development of language?
Define the boldfaced words above.

Answers:

Historians need archaeologists and anthropologists to study prehistory because they rely on the facts of knowing the prehistory. Since archaeologists studied the important facts of prehistory and anthropologists study mankind, when they work together, historians should need them to help study about the prehistory. Prehistory means the time before there was writing.
An advantage of walking completely upright would be to hold something in your hands while you are walking or running. For example, if you saw a mammoth, you would run, holding your spear in your hands. If we walked like other mammoths, which is walking on four legs, we would have a problem carrying it.
The kind of tools people used during the Paleolithic Era would be stone tools.
A tool I would use made out of stone would be a stone with a sharp edge and a flat, bold edge. The sharp edge to cut and the flat edge to mush things like food. I would attach a string to the tool and put it around my neck to carry it everywhere. I would make a tool, that is made from wood, a spear with a cloth over it when not in use and a side with a straight, long piece of wood for grilling food. Or picking things up.
Hunter-gatherers are people that hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts.
In my opinion, the most change by the development of language would be from long time ago, when they used paintings or drawings as language until today. Where we have all types of languages, from all around the world.
The boldfaced words defined are beneath the text I am writing now.

a. prehistory : the time before people could write
b. tools : any handheld object that is modified to help a person accomplish their task
c. Paleolithic Era : the stone age that lasted until about 10,000 years ago
d. hunt-gatherer : people who hunt animals, gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts

Assignment 6

Use your online textbook (p. 40 & p. 41) to answer these questions clearly and completely . Please put your answers on your wiki page.

1. Read the paragraph in the Beginnings of Agriculture section on p.40 and answer the question (How could this discovery change your life?).

Read The First Farmers and Plants section on p.41 and answer these questions:
2. What is another name for the New Stone Age?
3. What kinds of tools did people make during this time? What do you think they used these tools for?
4. In the textbook it says that people during the Neolithic period could now make fire. Which hominid would this be?
5. When we changed from gathering food to growing food, historians called it the Neolithic Revolution. Why do you think it's called a revolution?
6. What is the definition for the word 'domestication'?
7. Using the map on p.41, which animals were domesticated in Asia?
8. Using the map on p.41, where was corn first domesticated?
9. If you were a farmer, how would your life be different than a hunter and gatherer. Give three ways your life would be different.

Answers:

This discovery could change my life by first, knowing that there could be more varieties of fruits and that I could try to make more combinations to see what is good to eat. I would be able to find out what kind of fruits would be good to eat on which season. I could also find out what seeds grow in the summer or the winter. If I can't grow the seeds in the winter, then I would learn to save the fruits before the cold comes.
Another name for the New Stone Age is called Neolithic.
The kind of tools people made during that time are saws and drills. First, the saw was probably made for cutting objects. The drills were probably made for poking a hole in an object that is pretty thick.
The people that learned to make fire are the homo erectus hominids.
I think the historians called it the Neolithic Revolution because revolution means to force to change, I think the historians would have thought about the hunters and to imagine what their way of saying change is. I think it should be called that and shouldn't because it was a change but not a force. I still think "revolution" is a good way of expressing it.
The definition of the word "domesticated" is the process of making the animals or plants more useful to humans. Or to tame.
The animals that were domesticated in Asia are the sheep, cattle, and goat.
Corn was first domesticated around Mexico.
If I was a farmer my life would be different from a hunter and gatherer by me, not having to move to other places to find the food. Second, to not be worried about the amount of food. If there is too much food, that is a problem, and too little, is also a problem. Also, I could trade my crops for something else useful, if I have enough.

Assignment 7

Write 3 good test questions covering any of the topics we have studied so far.

Answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.

1. What was the main difference between life in the Paleolithic period and life in the Neolithic period?
2. How did people's lives change as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period?
3. What are some advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development of agriculture?

Answers:
Question number 1: How was agriculture made? What is the whole purpose of the developments? Answer: The whole purpose of the developments is by trying things out. See what they do when they mix. Like experimenting.
Question number 2: What is the meaning of agriculture? Answer: Agriculture means when the people farm.
Question number 3: About how many years ago was the Neolithic period? Answer: The Neolithic period was about 9,000 years ago.(or 9 thousand years)

The main difference in life between the life in the Paleolithic period and the life in the Neolithic period is that the people there won't have to hunt any more. They would have more technology in tools, such as a sharp stone, only, to a sharp stone with wood to help us carry it. Also the people became domesticated.
People's lives changed as they began to domesticate plants and animals during the Neolithic period by leading them into the development in agriculture. People had started to learn to make their own food by farming.
Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the changes in daily life that occurred as a result of the development in agriculture, are:

Advantages: The advantages in daily life is that there are great technology, for example, from a pencil to a mechanical pencil, a from a computer to a notebook(wireless computer). We people have become in use of objects that are very comfortable to use with. The people have been very happy to have these objects. There are food that we buy in the stores than hunting them. We now days have cars to transport, instead of walking or riding an animal. We have a lot of objects, like shelter and settlement that is different. For example, when we have to have a meeting, we don't have to move. We could call the person or meet in apartments. Shelter, is much more better than the Paleolithic times, where you would make a small, round-shaped tent. As time goes by, the people are seeing the development of agriculture and development.

Disadvantages: The disadvantages are that the people have become much more lazy. Since the technology has become better, people are now using machines, like driving a car when it is a length you can walk, when we can go and talk to them but use a phone instead. We have also become farther away from our culture and tradition. As time goes by, the traditions of our culture slowly fade away. For example, how we make tofu, there are shops that sell tofu with the same machines and recipe since long time ago, but now, those kinds of markets shut down. Sooner or later, it will be hard to find places of showing the past.

Assignment 8

Use these two videos about Catal Huyuk to answer these questions clearly and completely on your wiki page.

1. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised you? Why did they surprise you?
2. What are three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk you knew already from class?
3. Jookie is a 12 year old living in Catal Huyuk. Explain three ways her life is different than yours. (Note: Simply saying you have cell phones and she doesn't is an unacceptable answer.)

Answers:

The three things about daily life in Catal Huyuk that surprised me is that the hunters and gatherers painted their ancestors with paint to resemble who the had been, that agriculture was made just by experimenting and by accident. Also the last is that the people there knew all kinds of ways to cure even though there were no medicines then. Painting their ancestors were surprising because I didn't know they would spend so much time just for the dead and how they even made a house for the dead called " The House of the Dead ". It is surprising to see that agriculture had started by accident because I thought it would be hard to grow plants and they would do things pretty scientifically. Also it is interesting and surprising to know how there were cures before medicine because I had heard that it was hard to cure a disease but easy to get. The people there had used plants and other things and I think that using those would help but not a lot since it those aren't very strong.
The three things that I already knew from class was the domestication of animals and the cultivation of plants. How the people started tame animals and other things in the Neolithic Period. Another would be knowing a bit of the basics of the four different hominids. Finally, the last one would be knowing how the people trade among the clan or group.
The first thing would be about how I wake up, on an average day and I stay at home, playing around or studying, but Jookie's day would be different. She would get up, early in the morning, with her mother and start gathering and making things for the whole day. The second thing would be about what we eat. I would have a toast or rice for breakfast, a Western food for lunch, like spaghetti and for dinner, I would have a formal Korean food. Jookie would have may skipped a few meals, a bit of this, a bit of that, but if she was eating the 3 meals a day, she would eat differently from me. I guess she would eat the leftovers from yesterday or a simple bit of rice or wheat. For lunch, she would have a lamb dish with a side of edible berries and for dinner, she would have more various types of meat, edible plants, and broth.(Just assuming) Last but not least, the third thing would be the way we dress. First, I would wake up with my comfortable, warm pajamas on and after breakfast, after I washed, I change into my proper clothing, depending on the temperature. Then, when night comes again, I change into my pajamas. Jookie would wake up, wearing the skin of an animal that is warm but maybe not as comfortable. When she goes out to do work, she would change into another skin of an animal but more warmer, like a dress, and boots made from the fur of an animal. Maybe even a small layer of fur coat, too.

These are the ways that my life would be different from the 12 year old, Jookie that lives in Catal Hoyuk.

Assignment 9

Now that we are finished with the Early Humans unit, I would like you to reflect on what you have learned about Early Humans. Please complete these sentences clearly and with specific details. Write the answers on your wiki page.

1. The single most important thing I learned was...
the Neolithic Revolution.
2. Something that confused me or that I didn't understand was...
the Aspects of Daily Life. I didn't understand the three major events we had to write about.

3. What surprised me the most was...
that agriculture had started by accident.

4. I would like to know more about...
the life in the Neolithic Period.

5. The part that I think I will always remember was...
how our ancestors came from Africa and how agriculture was made by a simple accident.